Technology and Games

A computer is a general purpose machine capable of making complex calculations at extremely high speeds. Nowadays it seems that almost every device has a computer in it.

A computer is a combination of hardware and software. It has several components and they include the monitor, the CPU chassis, the mouse and the keyboard.

Components of a computer

Computer Monitor
The monitor is a device used by the computer to display texts and images. A few years ago almost every computer monitor used a Cathode Ray Tube. But these days, flat panel systems are getting more and more popular.

Keyboard
Keyboard is an input device used to input data into the computer. There are many different keyboard designs.

The Mouse
The mouse is another input device used to ‘point and click’. In the days of the DOS operating system, it was possible to operate a computer without mouse. But the advent of Graphical User Interface has made mouse a very important input device.

The CPU Chassis
The CPU chassis or the CPU case houses the hard disk and other hardware components like disk drives, motherboard etc.

Hardware
A computer’s hardware components are the parts you can see and touch. The smallest hardware component in a computer is a chip. A computer chip is composed of layers of wires and semi-conductors. The semi-conductors in a chip are configured to represent either a 0 or a 1 when electricity passes through them. The hardware components of a computer include Motherboard, Basic Input Output System (BIOS), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory (RAM), Disk Drives, Sound Processor, Video Processor, Floppy Disks, Hard Drives, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and Adapter Cards.

Computer Software
Software is a set of instructions telling the computer how to process, store and retrieve data.

Software is basically of two kinds: Operating Systems and Applications.

Operating Systems
An Operating System is a kind of software used to run the computer. It provides us with an interface with which we can issue commands to the computer system. There are several different kinds of operating systems. Examples are: Windows, Linux, Unix and DOS. The Windows operating system built by Microsoft is the most popular Operating System used today. The MacIntosh computers use the MacOS and OS X operating systems built by Apple Computers.

Applications
An application is a set of software that is first installed on the computer and then executed by the computer’s processor. Applications allow users to interact with the computer so that they can create or process data or perform a specific task. Examples of applications are text editors, word processors, spread sheets, web browsers and email clients.

A text editor is an application that allows the user to create text files. A word processor is an advanced text editor. Spreadsheets allow users to create tables and columns of numbers and figures. With a spreadsheet you can perform calculations on numbers. An e-mail client is an application that can connect to an e-mail server to receive or send mail. Most e-mail clients available today are very sophisticated applications containing features like spelling checkers. A web browser is an application that allows you to access information available on the internet. Examples are: Mozilla Fire fox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Safari and Opera.

Things that are combined together to make a computer are the computer hardware.Basically one can divide a computer in two parts one is the hardware and one is the software. The hardware consists of the motherboard, mouse, cables, wires, floppy disk drives, compact disk drives, power supply, audio, monitor, digital video disk drive and many more elements. However, a desk top has the most computer hardware used in it as compared to the laptops or the notepads.The only difference is that all the elements in the laptop or the notepads are integrated in the system and you cannot see it without dismantling the device.

The computer is a complicated device that has many important elements attached to it.The device needs proper maintenance for the hardware as well as the software in the computer.There are various technicians that can help one out if something goes wrong with the computer.For smoothly running of the computer one has to have all the elements running properly, otherwise the computer will not work.

The processors in the computer are different and vary according to the company.The central processing unit carries out the job of executing computer programs and comprises of a processing unit and the control unit.There are various brands that manufacture processors and provide processors in a wide range that delivers great performance and are affordable.The Cortex application processors are too sophisticated and perform up to 2GHz along with typical frequency.The processors can be availed in multi core varieties as well as single core and deliver up to 4 processing units.

The processors are competitively priced and are based on the advanced technology to suit the modern needs of computing that are fast delivery and perfect performance.The cabinets are a must for storing all your computing needs.Without cabinet things would go out of hand and would not be able to find anything at the right time.Cabinet helps you to stay organized and are a very handy.Cabinets come in various sizes and pattern.They are sleek as well as beautiful too.

The cabinets are built either with wood, steel or various other materials which are light and sturdy.Cabinets form an integral part of the room to store all the various needs so that it becomes convenient when one wants to use it.

The cabinets have a wide price range as well and therefore it would be proper to buy according to ones needs.

 

A Computer constitutes of different parts or components, which are collectively known as PC hardware. The main hardware PC units include display screen monitor, CPU, hard disk, mouse, CD drive, keyboard, etc. We can also buy a computer from a company or can also purchase an assembled model through an expert computer software person. If any part of the computer gets corrupted, you can also purchase separate components from any offline or online computer dealers.

The computer hardware parts also do include items such as sound cards, scanners, even digital cameras internet modems, etc. Every computer has its own individual configuration like model details, RAM memory, CPU etc which might vary from other computers.

Now let’s have a look at the most important hardware parts:

* CPU – CPU or Central Processing Unit is also known as the brain of the computer. It works as a processor, and processes all our commands and instructions. Intel processors are the most widely used processors in the world and are used by most of the computer manufacturing companies.

* Mouse - This is an essential hardware for desktop models as it is used for navigational purpose, to click on varied options, also for selecting different objects and to access necessary information present on the computer screen.

* Hard Disk – Hard Disk is used for the storage of data. A major part in the performance of any computer essentially depends on its hard disk.

The higher the rotational speed of hard disk the fast and high speed performance will be the by that particular computer.

* RAM - Ram is also known as Random Access Memory, which is used in storing temporary information in the CPU. As soon as we switch off the computer, these temporary info files are erased from RAM. The optimal performance of the computer highly depends on the size of its RAM.

* Keyboard - Keyboard is one of the most vital parts in computer hardware. The keyboard is used to enter specific instructions or commands by punching of numbers, alphabets, or signs. There are many function keys as well such as Alter, Control, delete, Page up, F keys, Page down, etc in the keyboard. There are a total of 101 keys in a standard keyboard however these days we can find keyboards of more or less keys as well, a keyboard is designed in such a way so as to make typing easier and faster.

DDR SDRAM stands for double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory. It is a type of memory that is used in computer to help it accomplish tasks in twice the amount of speed as the old regular SDRAM chips of yesteryear.

Most DDR SDRAM chips have model numbers that match their speed. For example a PC-1600 chip transfers data at 1600 MB/s. A PC-3200 chip would then transfer data at 3200 MB/s which is the top speed of DDR memory.

These newer chips can hold up to 1 Gigabyte of RAM on one chip. Most motherboards have room for 2 or 3 RAM chips which means that you could have up to 3 Gigabytes of SDRAM in your computer which would really help with overall speed.

SDRAM is mainly used for the temporary processes and commands a computer goes through. We don’t realize how much a computer temporarily stores, so let us help give you an idea. For example, say you open up your e-mail. The computer first loads internet explorer, than opens of the web page, and sits there temporarily while you write your email until it send it. While it’s “waiting” it has pushed all those previous processes to it’s RAM to remember so that when it is ready to send it can just quickly pull that back up out of the ram and send the e-mail. From this example you can see how bogged down a computer can get when a person is playing a game while reading their e-mail and using Photoshop to edit pictures.

Knowledge about the basic functions of computer hardware is essential as it ensures proper functioning of its various peripherals. As you are dependent upon the electronic device for most of your official and personal work, it is actually helpful to learn about the computer hardware components so that you can work with a PC in the long run.

The most common computer hardware components are as under:

·   Input Devices- The most common input devices of a computer include: A keyboard, a barcode reader, light pen, mouse, digitizing tablet, microphone, graphic tablet, joystick, magnetic-stripe reader, a scanner, touch screen, etc.

·   Output Devices- Output devices of a computer include: a screen, printer, speaker, disk drives, a projector, a plotter, etc.

To get desired results, it is essential for the above mentioned computer peripherals to work in accordance with each other.  For this, it is important for all the hardware components to be in a good condition so that they should deliver the desired functions properly.

Functions of Basic Computer Hardware Peripherals

·   A CPU – Central processing unit is one of the most important elements of computer peripherals that decide the processing power of a computer. The faster  the CPU, the speedier  is the processing of computer functions and various software programs.

·   Hard disk drive- Hard disk drives include CD/DVD that is compact disks and Digital Versatile/Video Disc that are popularly utilized by users to save large amounts of data.

Though data saved in these devices is not secure as chances of data loss are more due to virus attack. However, with the assistance of an anti-virus, you can manage the stored data in these storage devices.

·   A Monitor – A monitor or a screen of a PC performs the task of displaying images and output of the programs on which the user performs actions.

·   A Keyboard – A keyboard acts as output with the help of which a user can provide data to the computer to process.

·   Mouse – A mouse is a small device used to operate the PC by using a simple click.

·   A printer – It is an output device that gives printouts of documents on pages of different sizes or to produce fine quality color or black and white images.

·   A Modem – A modem is required to have an access to the internet which has to be attached to a PC by using high speed cables or by using a telephone line. 

Analyzing computer problems is a process which has become robotic in the Windows operating system. Device Manager, a native tool catalogs all of your computer’s hardware as well as the software, known as a driver which runs each of those devices. The Device Manager could also scrutinize the consistence of both the hardware and the software, allowing it to mechanically recognize problems. Once recognized, the Device Manager could also help you fix them as well.

IT professionals could look at the computer hardware and determine if it would fit with the objectives of a task or job. They must determine whether the computer hardware would be able to complete the job as a task couldn’t be completed without the right hardware and software.

While you discuss about the computer hardware analysis it’s also vital that you mention the fact that even the software of the computer relies on it in order to be installed within the computer system. Moreover, it’s also important that hardware analysis must also include vital elements connected to the hardware components and also the connections being established between these components so that you better understand the way in which they operate as a system.

In addition, any computer hardware analysis should also include vital examples of problems which could be encountered by the users while working with their computers and the way in which they could overcome them. Keyboard is one of the vital components of a computer hardware analysis which needs to be included. This is for the reason that it represents an input type of device whose designs look very similar to the one presented by the typewriters.

Power supply is another important component of the hardware analysis.

This computer hardware component is considered very significant in influencing the performance of the computer because it deals with supplying the essential power to the computer, without which it wouldn’t be possible for the computer to function.

Thus, to aid a user in making improvements in a computer system it would be constructive to conduct an analysis of different hardware components as the system performs a task of interest.

If you are using a desktop computer, you may already know that there isn’t any single part known as a “computer”. A computer is a system of several parts working together. The physical parts which you could see and touch are jointly known as hardware. There are some computer hardware parts which collectively form a computer.

Computer Hardware Parts:

System Unit

The system unit is the heart of a computer system. Generally, it’s a rectangular box placed on or beneath your desk. There are several electronic components which process information inside this box. The most vital of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the brain of your computer. Another component is the RAM or the random access memory which temporarily stores data that the CPU uses while the computer is on. When the computer is turned off, the information stored in RAM gets erased.

Hard Disk Drive

Your computer’s hard disk drive stores data on a hard disk, a firm plate or stack of plates with a magnetic surface.  The hard disks normally serve as your computer’s primary means of storage, holding almost all of your programs and files as it can hold enormous amounts of information. The hard disk is usually located inside the system unit.

DVD and CD Drives

Almost all computers today come equipped with a DVD or CD drive, generally located on the front of the system unit.

CD drives use lasers to read or retrieve data from a CD and several CD drives could also write or record data onto CDs. DVD drives could do everything that CD drives can plus they can also read DVDs. If you have a DVD drive, you could watch movies on your computer. Several DVD drives could record data onto blank DVDs.

Floppy Disk Drive

Floppy disk drives store information on floppy disks, also known as floppies or diskettes. Floppy disks compared to CDs and DVDs can store only a small amount of data. They also recover information more slowly and are more prone to damage. For these reasons, floppy disk drives are less admired than they used to be, though some computers still include them.

Computer hardware comprises of different components of a computer including the Central Processing Unit (CPU), keyboard, mouse, hard disk, monitor, RAM or memory, drives like CD, DVD, tape, optical and so forth. All these components are quite necessary for the proper functioning of a personal computer.
The entire computer is available with the above mentioned components, but its also possible to purchase these components independently from several of the offline and online stores. Some of the most vital components include the following:

Central Processing Unit: The CPU refers to the processor of the computer. Though there are several companies that create CPUs or processors for personal computers, the Pentium chip manufactured by Intel is broadly and generally used by most of the manufacturers.

Mouse: Its one of the most important computer hardware component and used for navigating on the computers screen to click on options, to select objects and to access information. There are normally 2 buttons on the mouse, one on the left that is used for selection and one on the right that is used to access information. There are various types of mouse available today which include scroll mouse, optical mouse, laser mouse, etc.

Hard Disk: Computer hardware also comprises of a hard disk which is a device used for eternal storage of data. The performance of a computer depends mainly on the rotation speed of the hard disk. The higher the rotation speed, the higher would be the performance of the computer.

Keyboard: Its also an important computer hardware which is necessary to enter commands and words. Every key in the keyword is a symbol of a number, an alphabet, sign, function and so forth.

Random Access Memory: RAM is also a computer hardware which stores information for the time being. Nevertheless, while rebooting or turning off the computer, this information gets erased. The computer performs better if the size of the RAM is larger.

Computer hardware also includes components like digital cameras, sound cards, scanners and modems. Different types of components are available and it might differ according to the type of the computer.

Computer Hardware: France Industry Guide
 
 This is an essential resource for top-level data and analysis covering the France Computer Hardware industry. It includes detailed data on market size and segmentation, textual analysis of the key trends and competitive landscape, and profiles of the leading companies. This incisive report provides expert analysis with distinct chapters for Computer Hardware, Networking Equipment and PCs ( http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=132737&rt=Computer-Hardware-France-Industry-Guide.html )
 
 Scope of the Report
 
 * Contains an executive summary and data on value, volume and segmentation for Computer Hardware, Networking Equipment and PCs
 * Provides textual analysis of the industry”s prospects, competitive landscape and profiles of the leading companies
 * Incorporates in-depth five forces competitive environment analysis and scorecards
 * Includes five-year forecasts for Computer Hardware, Networking Equipment and PCs
 
 Highlights
 
 * The French computer hardware market generated total revenues of $ 10.6 billion in 2008, representing a compound annual rate of change (CARC) of -$ 4.4% for the period spanning 2004-2008.
 * The French networking equipment market generated total revenues of $ 9 billion in 2008, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of $ 4% for the period spanning 2004-2008.
 * The French PC market generated total revenues of $ 12.2 billion in 2008, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9% for the period spanning 2004-2008.

 
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Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan layout, including type of computers
and peripheral equipment modifications.

 Analyze user needs and recommend appropriate hardware.

 Build, test and modify product prototypes, using working models or theoretical models
Constructed using computer simulation.

 Confer with engineering staff and consult specifications to evaluate interface between
hardware and software and operational and performance requirements of overall system.

 Design and develop computer hardware and support peripherals, including central processing
units (CPUs), support logic, microprocessors, custom integrated circuits, printers, and disk
drives.

 Monitor functioning of equipment and make necessary modifications to ensure system
operates in conformance with specifications.

 Programming – Writing computer programs for various purposes.

 Troubleshooting – Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

About this Subject

Today in this digital world computer has the main role to do all sorts of jobs in each and every corner of the world . The computer has now become like life without water, so to maintain and develop they are vital for every moment so their requirement is rapidly increasing day by day. In U.S, today almost all Colleges, Universities and Institutions are giving special lesson to become hardware engineer also this has become one of the major academic subject. Many students are now appreciating this course as a career option.
Career and Job Prospects
Although competition might be faced for securing good jobs in computer hardware engineering due to increase in the quantity of degrees granted in this field and slow growth of employment, skilled professionals will have good employment opportunities.

Due to immense foreign competitors, computer hardware manufacturer will not be able to fully benefit from the advances in use of information technology. It is also expected that the IT industry will face a high level of productivity growth which will have an effect on computer hardware engineers. Also, this industry is expected to continue to experience very high levels of productivity growth, which will even affect computer hardware engineers.